The Yinzi Temple, regarded as a “sacred place” by literati in the past dynasties, is known as the source of Nanchuan culture and the beginning of education. For more than 30 years from 1921 to when Daonan School moved away from Yinzi Temple after liberation, this place was an important base of the Nanchuan Revolution, like a mother, sheltering her children and supporting her children during the disaster. They went on and on for the country. Looking back, what unknown stories are hidden here?
Fengjiang Dragon Bridge has a “painted boat”
When I first came to Yinzi Temple, the surrounding area was still undeveloped. The dense green cypresses, green maples, and sweet osmanthus interspersed with a few vegetable fields opened by the villagers, which looked like a huge maze. After finally finding a fellow villager to ask for directions, I turned around three times and pushed aside the reeds to see a magnificent ancient building floating from the middle of the Fengzui River in a small boat like a huge Suzhou city. painting boat. The water mist gradually faded, and after a closer look, I found that these red buildings were actually stacked on a peninsula with a sharp bend in the middle of the river. The feeling of fantasy and independence in the willows and flowers, and the ink painting is still unforgettable.
The entire building complex on the island is composed of the Hexagonal Pavilion, the Wangyu Pavilion, the main hall, the front hall, and the wing rooms. It covers a total area of 2,000 square meters and is surrounded by water on three sides, forming a peninsula. The Longji Bridge in Yutian is integrated into one, and the distant mountains are picturesque. The main hall has a single eaves hanging from the mountain and lifting beams. The four pillars support a huge space with five rooms 20 meters wide, three rooms 6.34 meters deep, and 7 meters high. The diagonal braces on both sides of the gate are carved with two groups of wood carvings, Sanyang Kaitai and Fulu Shouxi. . The Wangyu Pavilion is 10 meters wide and 4.5 meters high. It is independent on the mouth of the peninsula, where you can see the waves of the river crashing against the wall and the schools of fish swimming around. The Hexagonal Pavilion is nearly 20 meters high. It stands alone in the air on the hexagonal platform. The three-level Ruyi steps up. The inner and outer columns and the bucket beam frame lift up the triple eaves and the hexagonal spire, and the wooden ladder can be used to climb upstairs. These buildings are all wooden structures, with typical architectural features of large roofs, carved beams and painted buildings, and the architectural aesthetics of harmony between man and nature built according to the landscape and terrain. They are classics of ancient Chongqing architecture.
Judging from these exquisite decorations and grand layout, Yinzi Temple is definitely not an ordinary ancient building. Who built it, and why was it built? According to historical records, the ancestral hall was built in the place where Yin Zhen used to run a school to commemorate Yin Zhen in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879 A.D.) by Huang Jifei, the magistrate of Nanchuan County, and Xu Dachang, the Juren. Then who is Yin Zhen, who deserves to be worshiped by the children of Jinfo Mountain with the highest etiquette?
Yin Zhen was born in Wulian, Cang County in 79 AD. He was a famous Confucian scholar, writer, educator and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was young, he felt that his hometown was remote and his culture was backward, so he went to Luoyang to worship Xu Shen as his teacher and studied hard. After completing his studies, he gave up the good life in the Central Plains and returned to his hometown to teach and teach in order to change the situation of the Southwestern Yi who were known as the Nanman at that time, who used hunting as their occupation, did not know farming, had no distinction between old and young, and did not know etiquette. In 107 A.D., Yin Zhen set up a hall in Wulianba to accept apprentices and taught, and her footprints spread all over Yelang, Wulian, Zhenzhou, Nanpingjun (now Nanchuan) and other counties. In addition to teaching students to read books, Yin Zhen also requires students to establish excellent moral qualities and learn advanced culture outside, teaching the masses to “make their crowns and shoes, teach them to cultivate crops, set up matchmakers at the beginning, know about marriage, and establish schools.” , guide the etiquette”, so that the Nanyi frontier residents gradually accepted the civilization, morality and customs of the Central Plains subtly, and were regarded as a model by the local people.
Later, Yin Zhen was promoted to Chenglang of Shangshu, then to the governor of Jingzhou, and became the chief executive who took over the local power. However, he still maintained the cultivation of “self-cultivation, family harmony, state governance, and world peace”. Wizards, famous all over the country for a while, is a good story. After retiring from office at an old age, Yin Zhen still cared about her hometown, so she returned to her hometown and resumed her old career, determined to educate people until she died of illness in 163 AD. History books commented that Yin Zhen “learned from the Central Plains in the north and returned it as a professor, and learned from the south.”
The birthplace of Eastern Sichuan culture
What is the relationship between Yin Zhen and Nan Chuan? Due to the unknown location of “Wu Lian” in ancient times, many places, including Nanchuan, once called “Wu Lian” and called themselves “the hometown of Yin Zhen”. Attached” (Qing Guangxu “Nanchuan County Chronicle”). Qing Jiaqing’s “Sichuan Tongzhi Miscellaneous” also said: “Han, Yin Zhen, Nanchuan people. From Xu Shen received the Five Classics and returned them, Bayu people began to learn.” Up to now, where Yin Zhen’s hometown is still controversial Constantly, but because these places are also places where Yin Zhen preached and taught, everyone regards Yin Zhen as a role model for their hometown, and believes that Yin Zhen is the source of education and culture in this place.
On the cliff tomb in Hesha Village, Nanchuan, there are 10 official script Chinese characters inscribed with “Wang Shi Zuozhi 40,000 in the second year of Yangjia”, which is said to be the earliest Chinese characters discovered in Bayu. The second year of Yangjia (AD 133) was the time when Yin Zhen returned to his hometown to teach. Therefore, people in Nanchuan believed that it was after Yin Zhen gave lectures that the originally barren land at the foot of Jinfo Mountain began to spread writing and civilization. He told the story of commemorating the commemoration of the peninsula where he once lectured. In the twenty-seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1901 A.D.), Lei Jiaorong, the magistrate of Nanchuan County, founded Haihe Academy in Yinzi Temple, inheriting Yin Zhen’s mantle, enrolling students to study classics, history, and ancient prose. Therefore, Yinzi Temple has become the only remaining one in Chongqing. One of the three ancient academies. In addition, the earliest poetry culture in Nanchuan also originated from Yin Zhen, and later scholars came to Nanchuan to pay tribute to Master Yin and often wrote poems and inscriptions generously, which made her famous far and wide, and Nanchuan became one of the birthplaces of Eastern Sichuan culture.
In fact, after Yin Zhen, Nanchuan’s literary style really flourished, and academies sprung up like mushrooms after rain, and the long cultural context gave birth to countless sages and famous scholars. According to incomplete statistics, in the Ming and Qing dynasties alone, there were 4 liberal arts Jinshi, 36 liberal arts exams, 1 martial arts Jinshi, and 10 martial arts exams. Local officials are also deeply influenced by Yin Zhen, adhering to Yin Zhen’s spirit, being an official and being a man has won the hearts of the people. During his tenure in Nanchuan, Huang Jifei, the county magistrate who founded Yinzi Temple, had a relaxed and approachable political system, and he was the most diligent in public welfare. In the county, there are public businesses or funds that benefit and sympathize with the people, either created or benefited by them. He often took the lead in donating his salary and formulating regulations. Among them, the most commended by his superiors and the scholars and people were the school land and the three fees. “The eunuch has no money to spare, and he has enough reputation for benevolence and integrity” is the highest evaluation of him. Zhang Tao, the successor county magistrate, also knew the local customs and hypocrisy, was serious about everything, was able to get the essentials and was authoritative, and used his salary to build roads for the people so that the people would not suffer from floods. He not only built a charity home in Ditang outside Xicheng, but also took in the elderly and children, creating a precedent for vaccination in Nanchuan.
Revolutionary fire injects new vitality
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yinzi Temple ushered in the most difficult period. How can we talk about education when we can’t eat enough? When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Yin Zi Temple was given a new mission. The young people in Nanchuan believe that Yinzi Temple gave birth to the Nanchuan culture and made the remote Nanchuan town create an ancient cultural and economic glory. Now it is time to raise the banner of education and culture to save their hometown. They called for the study of Yinzi, and batch after batch of Nanchuan students began to study in Japan, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places, and then brought advanced culture and ideas back to Nanchuan. In 1917, Zhou Peinan of Tianjin Beiyang University and Liu Wenjian of Shanghai Tongji University returned to Nanchuan to explore and establish new schools, innovate social atmosphere, and advocate scientific democracy. The two raised their arms and shouted, and students from Nanchuan all over the country came to join them. In 1918, the private Nanchuan Daonan School was established, and in 1921 it was moved to Yinzi Temple, a sacred place in everyone’s heart. It held the torch of Nanchuan’s cultural education, created a precedent for modern education in Nanchuan, and trained countless outstanding talents. , The fire of revolution injected new vitality and mission into Yin Zi Temple.
Soon, Daonan School, dominated by returned students, has become a bridge connecting Nanchuan to the outside world since its establishment. Any latest news and ideas at home and abroad can be quickly transmitted back to Nanchuan from Nanchuan students abroad, which also makes May Fourth After the movement, Marxism quickly took root in the hearts of teachers and students. On the one hand, teachers and students formed a propaganda team to publicize on the streets, writing and posting slogans, distributing leaflets, and spreading advanced ideas. On the other hand, he continued to initiate the upsurge of studying in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, France, the United States and other places, seeking the way to save the country and the people. In June 1922, there were 116 overseas students in Nanchuan, six times the number before the May 4th Movement. They successively founded more than 10 newspapers and periodicals, including “Nanchuan Soul”, “Nanchuan Sound”, and “Today’s Nanchuan”, to promote new culture, exchange learning experience, criticize the current malpractice of county government, and introduce, research and disseminate various new thoughts at home and abroad. , especially the scientific theory of Marxism, laid a theoretical foundation for the practice of Marxism in Nanchuan, and trained a large number of backbones of the Communist Party such as Yuhuatai Martyr Cheng Luyi for Nanchuan.
In 1925, the right-wing party of the Kuomintang was established to oppose the left-wing party, which supported the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the participation of the Communists, and they began to wreak havoc on the revolution. The flames of war spread to Nanchuan, and Yinzi Temple, the holy place of education, became the focus of the competition between the two sides. Since Yin Zici was controlled by the teachers and students of Daonan School with progressive thinking, the rightists could not occupy the commanding heights of the revolution even if they robbed and secretly infiltrated, so on the one hand, they divided some teachers from other schools and used the academy as a front to fight against Yin Zici. Divide the forces of students traveling abroad and support the Chinese Youth Party, which opposes the Communist Party, to seize the Education Bureau. The communists, progressive teachers and students united as one, took Yinzi Temple and the Education Bureau as bases to guard against death, and resolved the plots of the rightists again and again. This made the rightists become enraged and show their ferocious faces. They colluded with the garrison and warlords, violently captured the education bureau, arrested the leftist director and progressive teachers and students, and illegally appointed the director of the education bureau with their own seals. At the same time, they launched an attack on Daonan School. The teachers and students took advantage of the peninsula surrounded by water on three sides to hold their ground, united with other schools to deal with it in pieces, responded and protected and transferred a large number of leftists and Communist Party members, and then went underground in Yinzi Temple to continue fighting. , saved the fire for the revolution.
In the autumn of 1937, the Yangtze River Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China saw that the conditions were ripe, and appointed Zhang Shucheng as the principal of Daonan Primary School, and entrusted him with the secret mission of preparing for the restoration of the Nanchuan Party Organization. Zhang Shucheng used Yinzi Temple as a base to promote anti-Japanese, advocated that schools in the county town hold an inter-school anti-Japanese singing competition, established a county anti-Japanese national salvation association in a simple rural normal school in the county, expanded the base area, and Yinzi Temple, which is the storage place for the underground party’s fire, quickly released a huge explosion. energy of. In January 1946, when the Nanchuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, Li Zhiping, secretary of the Qi (Jiang) Nan (Chuan) Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, was a cover identity as a teacher of Daonan School, so Yin Zici was the seat of the Qinan Working Committee. In October 1947, Li Zhiping was ordered to set up the South (Sichuan) Fu (Ling) Working Committee. The public identity of the working committee member Hu Xiaofeng was the teaching director of Daonan School. “, “It’s Better to Be Underground”, “A Good Place Over the Mountain”, “Children’s Songs”, “Against the Civil War” and other songs inspired young people to oppose the civil war and fight for peace.
In 1948, the national liberation was in sight, and the Kuomintang wanted to retreat to the southwest to resist stubbornly. It frantically wiped out the Communist Party organizations in the southwest area, and Yin Zici once again became the focus of the secret war between the two sides. The Kuomintang first deployed a large number of agents to infiltrate Daonan School to secretly develop Kuomintang members and seize the education control in Yinzi Temple. The teachers and students were united. Not only did the Kuomintang not take away a single person, but they took advantage of the time when the Kuomintang’s manpower and energy were in Yin Zici, and took the initiative to recruit Communist Party members and activists in other schools. In the autumn of that year, Zhao Ruizheng, the director of teaching affairs at Daonan School, drew the “Three Routes of the Communist Army Entering Sichuan” from “Observation” magazine in Yinzi Temple, explained current affairs to students, and called for cooperation in the liberation of Nanchuan. Later, the incident was discovered by the Kuomintang, and they planned to use this as a reason to ban Daonan School by force and take down Yin Zici.When the secret agent triumphantly questioned the principal Xu Zixin, the principal Xu responded to your call and vividly let the students know that our place is very stable and solved them one by one. The secret agent couldn’t refute it, so the matter was left alone. Not only that, the progressive teachers and students also disrupted and destroyed the Kuomintang’s so-called “reconnaissance and salvation” conspiracy several times, turning the Kuomintang’s actions into a communist propaganda position, and made great contributions to the cause of communism.
Now it seems that the teachers and students of Daonan School have been the backbone of the Nanchuan Red Revolution. It is no exaggeration to say that Yinzi Temple is not only the cultural context of Nanchuan, but also the cradle of revolution.
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