Located in the middle of plains and mountains, Liangping Hucheng town, which has rich products and dangerous terrain, has always been a battleground for military strategists. In the turbulent time of history, it can always ignite a spark and gradually become a trend.
The soul of the warriors of Ming and Qing Dynasty in this land.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, corrupt officials and landlords and gentry colluded with each other and wantonly squeezed the people. Coupled with the serious banditry in the southwest, liangpingbazi, which was originally rich, had a situation of people living in poverty. In the 13th year of Chongzhen, huidengxiang and Wang Guangsi led the peasant uprising army to take Hucheng as their base, because there were not only good fields in Pingba for supply, but also rivers all over the mountains for defense. Their arrival was immediately warmly welcomed by the local poor farmers. People donated food and raised money one after another and enthusiastically joined the army. The rapid expansion of the rebel army has attracted five rebel armies, including Luo Rucai, the king of Xiaoqin, the heavenly star, the mixed king, and Yilian Ying, to join forces, shaking the whole country.
The Ming Dynasty ordered Shao Jiechun, governor of Sichuan, to send several elite troops to surround Hucheng from all sides. Facing an enemy several times their own, Hui and Wang calmly retreated from the base camp, Hucheng, and played hide-and-seek with several enemy troops. Several routes of the Ming army were surrounded by the rebels, and they were just about to pounce on the rebels at Yuanyi, but they saw Shiqiaopu and other rebels in the Bishan area behind them. This made all the ministries of the Ming army have selfish intentions, clearly obeying orders to pursue the rebels, but in fact, they were under the abacus of sneaking into the empty city of Hucheng and making a fortune. This was right in the arms of the rebels.
On the 18th, Li Shangjin, the general of the Mingjian military commander, took advantage of the inattentiveness of the friendly forces, and suddenly turned back to enter Hucheng. Unexpectedly, as soon as he entered the valley of Luziwan, he heard drums beating, and the heads of the mountains and fields covered the dense woods. The flying arrows were like raindrops, and the magical soldiers were like falling from the sky. The troops led by Li Shangjin were quickly wiped out. Li also fell off a cliff and died when he was being pursued. No one would have thought that the main force of the rebel army had already killed a carbine and had been waiting on the main road outside Hucheng. However, this victory also forced the various generals of the Ming army, who had been disintegrating, to unite, and no one dared to underestimate the armed peasants. Under the unified command, they pretended to continue to encircle, but in fact they waited for the rebels to leave the city and annihilate them in one fell swoop. The Rebels were overwhelmed by this victory and planned to repeat the old trick on the 23rd.
As the so-called magic trick can only be used once, the Ming army sent Guo Qizhu to lead more than a thousand people to bluff to meet the enemy head-on. In fact, after the rebel army left Hucheng, they sneaked around 300 people to Hutouyan, which was behind the rebel army and was lying under Maoerzhai. When the rebels returned to their horses, they roared and attacked. The rebels were caught by surprise, and although they fought back, the Ming army had already sneaked into the key points of Hucheng to defend, and the rebels could not retake Hucheng, and finally crossed the Longxi River and moved eastward on July 3. Losing the fertile fields and barriers of Hucheng, the rebel army was hindered all the way and quickly declined.
At the end of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the national power went from prosperity to decline. The corruption of the Qing government intensified the class contradictions. The famous White Lotus Revolt broke out in the history of Sichuan, and Hucheng once again became the focus in the troubled times. On September 15, the first year of Jiaqing, when Xu Tiande, the head of the White Lotus Sect in Dazhou, led his followers to raise the flag against the Qing Dynasty in Tingzipu and Ma Liuchang, he also thought of Hucheng as an excellent base. They still received strong support from the people of Hucheng. The surrounding rebels led by Wang Sanhuai and Leng Tianlu also came to Hucheng. Many rebels used Hucheng as their stronghold, covering all parts of Liangping and attacking the Qing army and local tyrants.
Knowing that Hucheng is a place where the fire of the stars ignites, the Qing court did not dare to neglect it. On the one hand, Zhu Shedou, the general soldier in northern Sichuan, led the troops from all over Sichuan to suppress it. Ordnance, building fortresses, and heightening the city walls. Among them, 18 stockades were built in Hucheng. The villages and villages are known to each other with drums and horns. They also threw Dingzhuang and buried mines on the main roads, intending to fortify the walls and clear the fields and cut off the rebels in each stronghold. contacts. However, with the support of the common people, the rebels were always able to miraculously circumvent these nets, and suddenly appeared in front of the Qing army: Xu Tiande and Ran Wentao kept attacking and harassing the main force of the Qing army, while Gou Wenfu and Liu Junping intercepted the supply of the Qing army along the river. Hu Sipeng set up a stronghold against the Qing army, took advantage of the Qing army’s inattentiveness and seized its fortress, killing many important Qing army officers. Although the final uprising failed, the legends left by these rebels with Hucheng as their base camp have always been praised by people.
There is a strange city in Mao’er Village
There is a saying in Hucheng since ancient times that “Tigers can gallop under Pingchuan”. Pingchuan naturally refers to the Tiger Dam with fertile soil, but the mountain where the tigers go down to Pingchuan is Mao’er Village. It is said that when a big cat descends from a mountain, it becomes a tiger, and it traverses the plains.” Therefore, when it comes to the situation of Hucheng, the mountain that rises from the flat ground in the center of Hucheng cannot be avoided.
Maoer Village is only 500 meters away from the bustling old street of Hucheng, but surrounded by cliffs with a height of tens of meters. Even if the road is now built, it is still winding up the mountain with seven turns and eight turns. After finally reaching the top of the mountain, I found that it was actually a huge flat dam with a circumference of 2000 meters and an area of 250 acres. Although there is a saying that there are nine ditch and thirteen packs on the village, the ups and downs are not large. Instead, the builders of the stockade made use of it, and it became a fortified barrier and an outpost with each other’s horns. The stockade builds a majestic city wall along the cliff. The scale is so large that it is known as the Little Great Wall. The top of the city wall is a spacious passage, surrounding the stockade. The three stockade gates in the east, west and north are well preserved, and the scale is much larger than other stockades in Chongqing.
The entire stockade is a small town with complete functions. The pools, fertile fields and fruit forests are surrounded by dense houses and streets, making people forget that they are already on the top of the mountain. There used to be more than 10,000 people living here in the heyday. No less than the street at the foot of the mountain, the first Dazhai in Chongqing is really not a vain name. The most amazing thing is that Maoer Village has always had the phenomenon of “walking all over the village without getting wet feet in rainy days”, and the wonderful drainage has attracted the attention of countless scholars.
In fact, the mountain where Maoerzhai is located has been inhabited for only a thousand years. Before that, it was a virgin forest, shaded by the sun, and it was the world of tigers, hence the name Hufeng Mountain. Legend has it that in the second year of Yuanqin in the Western Wei Dynasty, when Liangshan built a county and built a city, he took a fancy to Maoerzhai, a treasure land of feng shui. Both Liangshanzhai (where Liangping County is located) and Maoerzhai wanted to build a city, but they were at a stalemate. In the end, the site had to be selected based on the weight of the soil, which means that the place where the soil is heavy can support the city. The people of Liangshanzhai secretly mixed iron filings in the soil and finally won, but the people of Maoerzhai were not convinced, so they also built a market town, named Hucheng, which means full of tiger spirit.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, people built the Black Tiger Temple on the top of Tiger Peak. The incense was extremely prosperous, and the mountain prospered. In the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Tianchi Temple, and the temple was even taller and grander. Later, in times of trouble, people would go to Hufeng Mountain to take refuge. The temple on the mountain became a stockade, and it became bigger and bigger. Because the east side of the cottage looked like a cat’s head, and the northwest dragged a strip about 10 meters wide and 80 meters long. Rice’s “tail”, so it is called Mao’er Village. Due to the dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack, it has also become a battleground for the rebel army and the army. twice.
During the period of the Republic of China, Maoer Village was the most prosperous. Because of another round of turmoil, people had to hide in the village. At that time, surrounded by high walls, dozens of sentry sheds and six city towers stood up. The houses in the village are row upon row, and there are more than 2,300 households and more than 10,000 people in the village, which are organized as two guarantees. There are three weirs and ponds and six wells in the village, and there is basically no shortage of drinking water for the villagers. Temples, schools, workshops, shops, and entertainment venues are all available in the village, making it very lively. The armed forces in the village guard the city during the day, and patrol the village at night. The owners of the village with the surname of Shi are more powerful, so there is a saying in the society that “the stones in Mao’er Village cannot be beaten”.
Revolutionary beacon shines southwest
“Mao’erzhai learns art, and Tiger Dam is vertical and horizontal”, Maoerzhai has a tradition of nurturing elites since ancient times. Historically, it was the “highest school” in the Hucheng area. Lai Zhide, a master of Yixue in the Ming Dynasty, studied here, and the young hero Jin Yingwu studied here. From the period of the new democratic revolution to the period of socialist construction, most of the elites from all fronts of Hucheng took off from here.
Open the book of history, here was the birthplace of the Liangping underground party, the seat of the first committee of the Liangping County of the Communist Party of China, and the center of the Dachi District in Hunan, where four guerrillas have developed and grown, and the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants is the first in Sichuan. The road army fought here. Numerous heroes and sons and daughters have been nurtured here, Kuang Jixun and Deng Pingshou, two “National Double Hundred People”.
In the winter of 1926, the “Four Heroes of the Shi Family” from the Shi family, the largest family in Maoerzhai: Shi Zian, Shi Weiqing, Shi Qingchen, and Shi Huaibao, originally studied in Beijing, and were dispatched by the Party to return to Maoerzhai to set up a party group. He carried out underground activities and became the 4 founders of the Liangping County Underground Party Organization. They set up the “Education Research Association” with the teachers of Hucheng Primary School as the object, and trained and developed Cai Kui, Li Darong, Liu Xiangchen, Deng Yingcai, Shi Shixiu, Hu Shangzhi, Yuan Shusen, Jin Zhiping, Li Yuncheng, and many other revolutionaries who later became influential in the southwest.
They used their status and prestige as college students in Beijing to gain the trust of the Kuomintang government, and skillfully seized the township political power in Hucheng, the leadership of school education, especially the leadership of the township strongman brigade, and turned the strongman brigade into our party’s leadership. Armed underground. At the same time, they organized progressive teachers to travel between villages and households, mobilized the masses to participate in night classes to read and literate, receive revolutionary education, join peasant associations, labor unions and children’s groups, ignited the revolutionary fire in Hucheng, opened up the Dachi District in Hunan, and served as a platform for people in the southwest. A series of revolutionary activities laid a solid foundation.
On July 20, 1929, Kuomintang 28th Army Brigade Commander Kuang Jixun, who revolted in Suining, led the reorganized Chinese Workers and Peasants’ Red Army Sichuan First Route Army to Hucheng, planning to lay down Maoerzhai to establish a revolutionary base. Liu Xiang’s subordinate Xu Yaoqing stationed in Liangshan urgently sent Li Guiru regiment to Hucheng, and sent Cai Kui, the pistol captain of Hucheng’s Strong Army Brigade, to fortify the Red Army at the front line of Tedenghe. Unexpectedly, Cai Kui, the secretary of the Liangshan County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China at that time, had already been in secret contact with the Red Army. Instead of digging trenches or building bunkers, he was busy killing pigs and cooking rice in hundreds of small farmyards.
When night fell, the sound of killing and gunshots suddenly erupted on both sides of the Tiaodeng River. In less than a bag of cigarettes, the strong team “disintegrated”, and the Red Army on the other side of the river attacked the river, as if in a no-man’s land, the warring parties shook hands and walked into the farmhouse to celebrate. The next day, the First Army began to attack Maoer Village. Under the leadership of the local party organization, Cai Kui and others drew up a plan for cooperation between the inside and the outside. When the Red Army attacked, Neiying opened the first fortress gate. As soon as the second gate of the village was opened, the Red Army would kill the village. Unexpectedly, our coordinator who entered the village at a critical moment was noticed by the sinister and cunning bully village master Shi Wenjiao. The enemy immediately blocked the unopened second village gate. Relying on the dangerous terrain of Maoer Village, the dangerous terrain on all sides forced the Red Army to attack. The village failed and turned to the Jiudao River in Bailicao to retreat.
Although regrets were left for the ages, this war sowed more seeds of revolution in Hucheng. Children of Hucheng joined the revolution one after another at the trough of the revolution and became a huge living force, while Maoerzhai was the cradle of the revolution. The seedlings that have risen have gradually grown into towering trees, and Cai Kui, who has the reputation of “scud”, is one of the representatives. In the face of warlord Liu Cunhou’s comprehensive suppression of the underground party in Hucheng, Cai Kui, who served as the political commissar of the first brigade of the Third Route Guerrilla Brigade of the Sichuan Workers and Peasants Red Army, decisively led his team into guerrilla warfare. But the loss of Maoerzhai still made Cai Kui feel guilty, and he decided to take revenge.
On January 26, 1930, the last day of the Tiger City before the Spring Festival, Cai Kui organized sharpshooters Zhang Yenan and Yang Bo to ambush in the most lively Wenchang Palace early, and successfully killed Shi Wenjiao and controlled it at a very small price. Hucheng and Maoer Village made the Kuomintang urgently call for a large number of soldiers and policemen to besiege them. Although facing hundreds of times the enemy army, Cai Kui was forced to withdraw from Maoer Village, but the Hunan Red Guards he led became famous in battle. Since then, Cai Kui led the guerrillas to punish Hu Yingtang, who was reinstated as the head of the Hucheng Regiment, and successfully led the struggles of “anti-excessive donations”, “borrowing valleys”, and “stopping the market”. Countless, became the characters of the Kuomintang army.
When the Red Army implemented a series of erroneous plans such as “drinking horses on the Yangtze River and joining forces with Wuhan” and suffered devastating blows, Cai Kui stood up twice, returned to Hucheng to form a guerrilla force from scratch, and continued to deal with the Kuomintang army in a ghostly manner. The revolutionary movement flourished again. The red area of the guerrilla armed activities stretched for more than 100 miles. Liu Cunhou and Liu Xiang beat their chests and feet in anger, lamenting that Cai Kui’s guerrillas were “scuds that couldn’t be expelled”, and they offered rewards everywhere to capture Cai Kui. The landlord of Liangpingda County had to ask Duan Gong and Taoist priests to set up an altar to curse and talk about masturbation in the image of Cai Kui. Until he was betrayed and sacrificed by a traitor, the Scud of Megatron was only 25 years old.
In the hearts of Liangping people, Maoer Village stands tall like a lighthouse, because its red light illuminates the whole Liangping.
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